TUNLEY'S SUSTAINABILITY GLOSSARY

Explore The Carbon Glossary, expand your understanding, and join us in our commitment to preserving our planet for generations to come. Scroll through the alphabet above and have all carbon terminology at your finger tips.

Together we can make a difference.

Absolute Emissions Reduction

Absolute emissions reduction refers to a decrease in the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by an organisation, regardless of changes in business activity, production or revenue. Unlike carbon intensity reductions, it measures an actual reduction in overall emissions. 

Activity Data

Activity data is the quantitative information used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from business activities. Example include electricity consumption, fuel usage, transport distances and quantities o purchased materials. This data is typically combined with relevant emission factors to calculate an organisation's carbon footprint. 

AR6

The sixth assessment report of the IPCC. The most recent assessment report is 2021.

Baseline Year

A historic 12-month period used as a reference guideline for measuring changes or progress in various aspects, such as data analysis, performance evaluation, and goal-setting.

B-Corp

B-Corp is a broader sustainability reporting platform, in which businesses can report their environmental performance.

Business Carbon Assessment (BCA)

A Business Carbon Assessment (BCA) is the process of measuring and evaluating an organisation's greenhouse gas emissions across its operations and value chain. It identifies emissions sources, calculates the organisation's carbon footprint and provides a foundation for setting reduction targets and developing a carbon reduction strategy.

Carbon Accounting

Carbon accounting is the process of measuring, calculating and reporting greenhouse gas emissions associated with an organisation, product or activity. It uses recognised methodologies, such as the GHG Protocol, to quantify emissions and support informed decisions about carbon management and reduction. 

Carbon Allowances

Carbon allowances are permits or allowances issued by governments or regulatory bodies that allow companies to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases within a specified time period, typically as part of a cap-and-trade or emissions trading scheme.

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is an EU policy that places a carbon price on certain carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU. It aims to reduce carbon leakage by aligning the carbon costs of covered imported products with those produced within the EU. 

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO₂e)

Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) sums up all of the different greenhouse gases into one simple unit. For business emissions this is commonly reported in tonnes of CO₂e.

Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)

CDP is a non-profit charity that runs a global disclosure system for investors, companies, cities, states, and regions to manage their environmental impact.

Carbon Footprint

Carbon Footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions and removals that are directly or indirectly associated with a business, product or activity. It measures the impact of human actions on the environment in terms of their contribution to climate change and global warming.

Carbon Insetting

Carbon insetting is a sustainable practice aimed at reducing carbon emissions by investing in projects within a company’s own supply chain or operations. Carbon insetting focuses on directly addressing and reducing emissions across Scopes 1, 2, and 3.

Read more on our blog 'Carbon Insetting vs Carbon Offsetting'

Carbon Intensity

Carbon intensity measures the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced relative to a specific unit of business activity, such as revenue, production output or energy consumption. It enables organisations to monitor emissions efficiency and compare performance over time, even when the scale of their operations changes. 

Carbon Leakage

Carbon leakage refers to the situation where efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in one country or region result in increased emissions in another country or region that has less stringent environmental regulations. This can occur due to various reasons, such as companies relocating their production facilities to countries with lower emission standards or weaker climate policies to avoid the costs associated with emissions reduction measures in their home country.

Carbon Negative

Carbon Negative refers to a state or condition in which an entity, such as a company, removes more carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere then it emits or produces. This is achieved by implementing practices, technologies, or initiatives that actively reduce greenhouse gas emission and capture or sequester more CO₂ than is released.

Carbon Neutrality

Carbon Neutrality is defined by IPCC as “achieving net zero carbon dioxide emissions at a global scale through the balance of residual carbon dioxide emissions with the same amount of carbon dioxide removal.”

Carbon Offsetting

Carbon offsetting involves compensating for carbon emissions by funding external projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere.

Read more on our blog 'Carbon Insetting vs Carbon Offsetting'

Carbon Reduction

Carbon reduction refers to the process of decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere, with the goal of mitigating climate change and reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon Reduction Plan (CRP)

A Carbon Reduction Plan (CRP) is a document outlining an organisation's greenhouse gas emissions, carbon reduction commitments and planned measures for reducing its carbon footprint. It provides a framework for monitoring progress towards emissions targets and may be required when bidding for certain UK government contracts.

Carbon Removals

Carbon removals refer to processes that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in natural or engineered systems. Examples include afforestation, direct air capture and certain soil carbon management practices. Carbon removals are distinct from activities that prevent or reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Carbon Sequestration

Carbon Sequestration refers to the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere or from industrial emissions in a way that prevents it from being released back into the atmosphere.

Circular Economy

A circular economy is an economic system designed to eliminate waste and keep products, materials and resources in use for as long as possible. It prioritises reducing consumption, reusing products, repairing materials and recycling, helping organisations reduce environmental impacts and improve resource efficiency. 

Climate Change

A long-term shift in global or regional climate, including changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns which result from natural and human causes.

Climate Change Agreements (CCA)

Companies in energy-intensive sectors that have entered into a Climate Change Agreement with the UK government. These are voluntary agreements between UK industry and governmental bodies. The aim of these agreements is to assist in finding feasible reduction initiatives for the largest energy intensive industries.

Climate Neutrality

Climate Neutrality is defined by IPCC as the “concept of a state which human activities result in no net effect on the climate system. Achieving such a state would require balancing of residual emissions with emission (carbon dioxide) removal as well as accounting for regional or local biogeographical effects of human activities that for example, affect surface albedo or local climate.”

CO₂ Emissions

The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.

Companies Act 2006

Since 1st April 2019 all quoted companies are required to “state the annual quantity of emissions in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent resulting from the purchase of electricity, heat, steam or cooling by the company for its own use”. This covers only scope 1 and 2 emissions, no required reporting of scope 3 emissions under the current revision. It is also only for quoted companies which is “a company who has its equity share capital officially listed on a particular stock exchange”.

Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD)

The Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) is designed to establish a European framework for responsible and sustainable practices within global value chains. Its primary objective is to ensure that companies, as key players in building a sustainable society and economy, assume responsibility for their environmental and social impacts, as well as those of their suppliers. This directive mandates companies to conduct due diligence on their operations, subsidiaries, and entities in their value chains. It also requires them to address issues related to human rights, climate change, and environmental consequences. By implementing the CSDDD, companies will be held accountable for their actions and contribute to a more sustainable future.

More information on the CSDDD

Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)

The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) mandates that companies must disclose sustainability issues from a "double materiality" perspective. This means that companies are required to provide third-party audited reports that not only describe how these issues affect their business but also how their business impacts people and the environment. The CSRD will replace the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD), which was adopted by the EU in 2014 and required companies to provide nonfinancial disclosure documents, commonly known as "sustainability reports."

More information on the CSRD

Cradle-to-gate

A partial life cycle of a product from raw materials through to the factory’s gate.

Cradle-to-handover/site

A partial life cycle of a product from raw materials through to delivery to the customer and does not include the end-of-life processes.

Cradle-to-grave

A full single life cycle of a product from raw materials through to its end-of-life.

Cradle-to-cradle

A life cycle assessment including consideration of reuse of the product or material in lieu of disposal at the end of a single life-time use. Pertains to the circular economy.

Decarbonisation

Decarbonisation is the process of reducing or eliminating carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, particularly those associated with human activities, industries, and energy production. The primary goal of decarbonisation is to transition from fossil fuel-based sources of energy to more sustainable, cleaner alternatives.

Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

DEFRA is the government department responsible for publishing carbon conversion factors from the UK government until 2021. It is responsible for protecting biodiversity, countryside, and marine environment. As well as backing growth of a sustainable green economy.

Find out more information on DEFRA

Department for Energy, Security, and Net Zero (DESN)

DESN is the government department responsible for publishing carbon conversion factors from the UK government since 2022. It is supported by 14 agencies and public bodies with it's focus being on long-term energy supply.

Find out more information on DESN

Digital Product Passport (DPP)

A Digital Product passport (DPP) is a digital record containing information about a product's materials, composition, environmental characteristics and other relevant attributes. It is intended to improve product transparency, traceability and circularity by making information accessible to relevant stakeholders throughout the product's lifecycle. 

Double Materiality

Double materiality is an approach to sustainability assessment that considers both how sustainability-related issues affect an organisation's financial performance and how the organisation impacts people and the environment. It combines financial materiality and impact materiality to identify sustainability matters relevant to business strategy and reporting. 

Embodied Carbon

The total GHG emissions generated to produce a product; It includes those from extraction, manufacture, processing, transportations, and assembly in every component.

Read more on Embodied Carbon from our Insights

Emissions Factor

An emission factor is a numerical value that represents the amount of a specific pollutant or greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere per unit of a particular activity, process, or product. Common units for emissions factors include kilograms (or metric tonnes) of a pollutant per unit of time (e.g., per year or per hour) or per unit of production (e.g., per kilometre driven or per tonne of product manufactured).

Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS)

A mandatory assessment scheme for UK organisations employing more than 250 people or with an annual turnover over €50 million and annual balance sheet over €43 million. Companies must calculate total energy consumption, identity the most significant areas, produce notification of compliance, and log records of energy consumption.

Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardised document that communicates information about a product's environmental impacts throughout defined stages of its lifecycle. It is based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) data and relevant Product Category Rules (PCR), supporting transparent, independently verified environmental information and informed product comparisons. 

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an environmental policy approach that places responsibility on producers for managing products or packaging at the end of their useful life. It encourages more sustainable product design, improved waste management and greater accountability for environmental impacts throughout a product's lifecycle. 

European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS)

The European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) provide comprehensive guidelines for companies to report their environmental, social and governance issues. These guidelines cover a wide range of topics and indicators, including climate change, water and resource management, biodiversity, human rights, labour practices, diversity, and anti-corruption measures. Companies operating in the EU are required to adhere to these standards and incorporate them into their annual sustainability reports alongside their financial statements. By following the ESRS, companies can ensure that they address key sustainability issues and provide transparent and comprehensive information to stakeholders. The report informs investors the sustainability impact of the company that they invest in.

More information on the ESRS

Fossil Fuel Related Emissions

Fossil fuel-related emissions refer to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere that result from the extraction, production, transportation, and combustion of fossil fuels.

Fossil Fuels

The three primary types of fossil fuels are; coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon-based energy resources that are derived from the remains of ancient plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. For example, the majority of the coal on Earth was formed in the Carboniferous age between 60 and 359 million years ago. These deposits are formed through geological processes in which organic matter is subject to high heat and pressure over extended periods of time. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources due to organic matter being decomposed by microorganisms before the geological processes necessary to form fossil fuels occur. 

Functional Unit

A functional unit is a defined and measurable reference used in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to describe the function or service being assessed. It provides a consistent basis for calculating environmental impacts and comparing products or systems that perform equivalent functions. 

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

The GRI standards represent global best practice for reporting publicly on a range of economic, environmental, and social impacts. Sustainability reporting based on the standards provides information about an organisation’s positive or negative contributions to sustainable development – not just GHG emissions.

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Different GHG’s have different effects on the Earth’s warming. The GWP was developed to allow comparisons between different gases in relation to the emissions for the same mass of carbon dioxide.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG)

Any gas that prevents infrared radiation from the Sun escaping Earth into space. Additionally, there are 24 GHG’s globally accepted to be harmful to the ozone layer.

The Climate Change Act 2008 refers to six major greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulphur hexafluoride. Carbon dioxide makes up the bulk of these gases. GHG’s, especially CO₂, are primary caused by burning fossil fuels with some secondary sources for greenhouse gases including industrial processes and waste management, such as agriculture and landfill.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The amount of total greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. GHG emissions relate to the broader group of greenhouse gases but can be synonymous with CO₂ equivalent emissions.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol

The GHG protocol is the most widely and internationally used standard for identify, quantifying, and reporting of emissions. It provides a framework which can be utilised by businesses, governments, and any other entities. All of the standards supplied by the GHG protocol are freely available online.

More information on the GHG Protocol

Green Claims Code

The Green Claims Code is guidance published by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) to help businesses comply with consumer protection law when making environmental claims. It sets out principles for ensuring claims are accurate, clear, substantiated and do not mislead consumers. 

Greenhushing

Greenhushing refers to the practice of deliberately limiting or withholding communications about an organisation's environmental initiatives, targets or achievements. Businesses may engage in greenhushing due to concerns about public scrutiny, greenwashing accusations or uncertainty surrounding the credibility of their sustainability claims. 

Greenwashing

Greenwashing is a deceptive marketing or public relations practice in which a company exaggerates or misrepresents the environmental benefits of their product or service to make them appear more environmentally friendly or sustainable than they are.

Read more on Greenwashing from our Insights.

Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE)

The Inventory of Carbon and Energy is an embodied carbon database for building materials.

ISO 14000

The ISO series is a set of standards that address the environmental actions that contribute towards a management system. ISO/TC 207/SC 7 – Greenhouse gas and climate change management and related activities.

ISO 14064-1

This ISO standard provides the principles and framework for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals at the organisation level.

ISO 14067:2018

This ISO standard defines the requirements for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions of tangible and intangible products (goods and services). In a manner consistent with International Standards on life cycle assessment (LCA) (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044).

ISO 14068 (Carbon Neutrality)

ISO 14068:2026 is an international standard establishing principles, requirements and guidance for achieving and demonstrating carbon neutrality. It priorities greenhouse gas emissions reductions and removal enhancements within the value chain before using offsets to counterbalance remaining emissions. It also supports transparent and credible carbon neutrality claims. 

ISO 15001

ISO 150001 is a requirement of ESOS and is used by companies as a framework for developing an Energy Management System.

kgCO₂e

Notation of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Life Cycle Assessment is the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential carbon impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle.

Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)

Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) is a stage of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that involves collecting and quantifying the inputs and outputs associated with a product, process or system. These may include raw materials, energy, water, emissions and waste, providing the data required to assess environmental impacts. 

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is the stage of Life Cycle Assessment that evaluates the potential environmental impacts associated with a product or system. It translates inventory data into impact categories such as climate change, water use, resource depletion and ecosystem impacts. 

Location-based Emissions

Location-based emissions refer to greenhouse gas emissions calculated using the average emissions intensity of the electricity grids supplying the locations where energy is consumed. This method is used in Scope 2 carbon accounting to reflect the emissions associated with electricity generation in a particular geographical area.

Market-based Emissions

Market-based emissions refer to to greenhouse gas emissions calculated using information from an organisation's contractual electricity purchasing arrangements. This Scope 2 accounting method considers instruments such as supplier-specific emission factors and qualifying renewable electricity certificates, where applicable. 

Net Zero

Net zero is the state in which a company or organisation balances the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere with the amount removed from the atmosphere of offset through various measures.

Find out more on Net Zero from our Insights.

Net Zero Roadmap

A net zero roadmap is a structured plan outlining the actions, milestones and targets an organisation intends to follow to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions. It typically includes emissions reduction initiatives, short- and long-term targets, responsibilities and monitoring processes to track progress.

Net Zero Carbon

The sum effect of combining actions to reduce GHG emissions with actions to off‑set them.

Net Zero CO₂ Emissions

Net Zero CO₂ emissions are defined by IPCC as “conditions in which any remaining anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are balanced globally by anthropogenic CO₂ removals. Net-zero CO₂ emissions are also referred to as carbon neutrality.”

Net Zero GHG Emissions

Net Zero GHG Emissions are defined by IPCC as “net-zero emissions are achieved when emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are balanced by anthropogenic removals. Where multiple greenhouse gases are involved, the quantification of net-zero emissions depends on the climate metric chosen to compare emissions of different gases (such as Global Warming Potential, global temperature change potential, and others, as well as the chosen horizon time).”

Operational Boundary

An operational boundary defines the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions sources included within an organisation's carbon footprint assessment. It determines how emissions are classified across Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3, supporting consistent greenhouse gas accounting and reporting. 

Organisational Boundary

An organisation boundary determines which companies, subsidiaries, facilities and operations are included in an organisation's greenhouse gas emissions inventory. It is established using a recognised consolidation approach, such as operational control, financial control or equity share. 

Organisational Carbon Footprint

An organisational carbon footprint measures the total greenhouse gas emissions associated with an organisation's activities over a defined reporting period. It typically includes indirect emissions from owned or controlled sources, indirect emissions from purchased energy and other relevant value chain emissions. 

Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty aimed at addressing climate change and its impacts. It was adopted in December 2015, at the 21^st Conference of the Parties (COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Paris, France and entered into force in November 2016. The agreement represents a global commitment to combating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

PAS 2080

PAS 2080:2023 is a standard for managing and reducing whole life carbon emissions in buildings and infrastructure. It provides a framework for integrating carbon management into planning, design, construction, operation and end-of-life processes, encouraging collaboration across the value chain to identify and implement carbon reduction opportunities. 

Primary Emissions Data

Primary emissions data is information collected directly from specific activities, facilities or suppliers to support greenhouse gas emissions calculations. Examples include actual fuel consumption, electricity usage and supplier-specific production data. Using primary data can improve the accuracy and relevance of an organisation's carbon footprint. 

Procurement Policy Note (PPN) 006

Procurement Policy Note (PPN) 006 is UK government policy guidance on considering suppliers' Carbon Reduction plans when awarding certain major central government contracts. It sets out expectations for demonstrating a commitment to net zero and providing emissions information and reduction measures as part of procurement process.

Read more on PPN 006 in our insights 'What is PPN 006? and Why is it Important?'

Product Carbon Footprint (PCF)

A Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) measures the total greenhouse gas emissions and, where relevant, removals associated with a product across defined lifecycle stages. It is expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) and helps organisations identify emissions hotspots and opportunities to reduce their products' climate impacts. 

Product Category Rules (PCR)

Product Category Rules (PCR) are a set of specific requirements and guidelines for conducting Life Cycle Assessment and preparing for Environmental Product Declarations for a particular product category. They establish consistent calculation methods, system boundaries and reporting requirements to improve comparability between products. 

Race to Zero

Race to Zero is a global initiative aimed at addressing climate change by encouraging businesses, governments, and other organisations to take meaningful actions to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to net zero. The goal of the Race to Zero initiative is to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, in line with the Paris Agreement’s objectives to limit global warming to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.

Residual Emissions

Residual emissions are greenhouse gas emissions that remain after an organisation has implemented emissions reduction measures. Within net zero frameworks, the term generally refers to emissions that cannot feasibly be eliminated after deep decarbonisation and may need to neutralised through permanent carbon removals.

Science-based Targets (SBTs)

Science-based targets are defined by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). They refer to specific, measurable goals that organisations set to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in alignment with the latest scientific evidence on climate change.

Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)

The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) is an organisation that develops standards and provides validation services for corporate greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. It helps businesses set targets aligned with climate science and the goals of the Paris Agreement, supporting measurable progress towards limiting global warming. 

Scope 1 Emissions

Scope 1 emissions are direct GHG emissions are those that occur from sources that are owned or controlled by the company such as emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers, furnaces, vehicles, etc. In addition to fugitive emissions from refrigerant leakages and emissions from industrial activities in owned or controlled process equipment.

Read more on 'The Difference Between Scope 1, 2, and 3.'

Scope 2 Emissions

Scope 2 emissions are indirect GHG emissions account for GHG emissions from the generation of imported energy such as purchased electricity, heat and steam consumed by the company. Purchased electricity is defined as electricity that is purchased or otherwise brought into the organisational boundary of the company. Scope 2 emissions physically occur at the facility where electricity is generated.

Read more on 'The Difference Between Scope 1, 2, and 3.'

Scope 3 Emissions or Scope 3 Categories

Scope 3 emissions are other indirect emissions. The GHG protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard defines Scope 3 as an optional reporting category that allows for the treatment of all other indirect emissions. Scope 3 emissions are a consequence of the activities of the company but occur from sources not owned or controlled by the company. Some examples of Scope 3 activities are extraction and production of purchased materials; transportation of purchased fuels; and use of sold products and services. BS EN ISO 14064-1 separates out Scope 3 emissions into categories 3 to 6 covering indirect emissions from transportation, products used, use of products from the business and other sources respectively. In comparison, to the ISO 14064-1, the GHG Protocol presents the same emission sources in 15 categories that range from upstream activities to downstream activities.

Read more on 'The Difference Between Scope 1, 2, and 3.'

Secondary Emissions Data

Secondary emissions data is information obtained from external sources, such as industry databases, published research or regional averages, rather than collected directly from a specific activity or supplier. It is commonly used in carbon accounting when primary data is unavailable or incomplete.

Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR)

SECR is required by large UK-based companies including Large Limited Partnerships (LLPs), that meet at least two of the following criteria: (a) turnover of £36 million or more, (b) balance sheet total of £18 million or more, (c) average number of employees of 250 or more. It stipulates that these companies must disclose annual UK energy use in kWh, an emission intensity ratio (scope 1 and 2 required). A description of the methodologies used to calculate these and some historical narrative/data tracking.

Supplier-specific Emissions Data

Supplier-specific emissions data is information relating to the greenhouse gas emissions associated with goods or services provided by an individual supplier. It can be used to calculate Scope 3 emissions more accurately and identify opportunities for emissions reduction across an organisation's supply chain. 

Sustainable Procurement

Sustainable procurement is the process of purchasing goods and services in a way that considers environmental, social and economic impacts throughout their lifecycle. It helps organisations reduce negative impacts, manage supply chain risks and support responsible business practices while meeting operational requirements. 

Supply Chain Traceability

Supply chain traceability is the ability to track the origin, movement and transformation of materials, products and components throughout a supply chain. It supports greater transparency, environmental accountability and compliance by helping organisations understand where resources originate and how products are manufactured and distributed. 

tCO₂e

Notation for tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions.

UK Sustainability Reporting Standards (UK SRS)

The UK Sustainability Reporting Standards (UK SRS) are UK-endorsed sustainability disclosure standards based on the International Sustainability Standards Board's IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 standards. They are intended to provide a consistent framework for reporting sustainability-related financial information, including climate-related risks and opportunities. Their application depends on the relevant UK regulatory requirements. 

Zero Carbon

The absence of GHG emissions.

Nature and biodiversity is vital for sustaining life itself, providing nourishment, water, medicines, and shelter. Unfortunately, it is currently dwindling, but we are determined to empower businesses to reverse this trend. Explore our curated nature glossary to expand your knowledge and join in on the journey to preserving our world and the biodiversity within it. 

Make a change and protect nature.

Algae

Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that can be found in various aquatic environments, ranging from freshwater to marine environments, and also in some terrestrial habitats. Algae encompass a wide range of species, including simple single-celled organisms to complex multicellular forms. They play crucial roles in aquatic ecosystems and contribute significantly to oxygen production and the food web.

Anthropogenic Climate Change

Anthropogenic climate change refers to changes in the Earth's climate system that are primarily driven by human activities. The term "anthropogenic" means "caused by humans," and in the context of climate change, it specifically points to the influence of human activities on the Earth's climate patterns and systems. The primary driver of contemporary climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases resulting from human activities.

Area of Outstanding Beauty

An "Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty" (AONB) is a designated geographic area in the United Kingdom that is recognised for its exceptional scenic beauty, distinctive landscapes, and cultural heritage. AONBs are protected landscapes intended to conserve and enhance the natural and cultural qualities that make them special. These areas are designated and managed to balance the conservation of their unique features with sustainable human activities.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the term used to describe the incredible variety of life on our planet, encompassing the multitude of different organisms within a specific environment. It is estimated that there are approximately 8.7 million distinct species of plants and animals coexisting (National Geographic Society), highlighting the immense value we place on a diverse range of life. This is because each species and organism within an ecosystem work together harmoniously, creating a delicate balance and providing essential resources to humans, including a stable climate, clean water, nourishment, medicine, and shelter.

Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)

A Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) is a structured plan outlining measures to protect, restore or enhance biodiversity within a defined area or organisation. It identifies conservation priorities, establishes objectives and sets out actions to support habitats and species, alongside methods for monitoring progress. 

Biodiversity Footprint

The term "biodiversity footprint" refers to the total environmental impact of human activities on biodiversity within a specific area or over a defined period. It is a concept similar to the ecological footprint but specifically focuses on measuring and assessing the impact of human actions on the variety of life in ecosystems. The biodiversity footprint takes into account various factors that contribute to biodiversity loss, including habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and the introduction of invasive species. Biodiversity footprints (similar to carbon footprints) can be used to assess the entire company’s impact as well as the impact of a specific product/supply chain on biodiversity.

Biodiversity Footprint For Financial Institutes (BFFI)

This refers to an evaluation of the impact that financial institutions have on biodiversity through their investments, lending practices, and other financial activities. It assesses how the financial sector's decisions and allocations influence biodiversity conservation or degradation.

Biodiversity HotSpots

The term "biodiversity hotspot" was first coined by biologist Norman Myers in the 1980s. Myers identified hotspots based on two main criteria: high species richness (a large number of species) and a high degree of endemism (species found exclusively in that region). To be designated as a biodiversity hotspot, an area must meet certain criteria, including having at least 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics and having lost at least 70% of its original habitat.

Biodiversity Indicator

A biodiversity indicator is a measurable and quantifiable variable or set of variables used to provide information about the status, trends, and health of biodiversity within a specific ecosystem, region, or at a global scale. Biodiversity indicators play a crucial role in monitoring and assessing changes in biological diversity over time, helping researchers, policymakers, and conservationists understand the impacts of human activities, habitat changes, climate change, and other factors on ecosystems.

Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG)

Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) is an approach to development that aims to leave the natural environment in a measurably better state than before. In England, most developments subject to mandatory BNG requirements must achieve at least a 10% increase in biodiversity value, calculated using the statutory biodiversity metric, unless an exemption applies.

Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) Plan

A Biodiversity Net Gain Plan is a document explaining how a development will achieve its required Biodiversity Net Gain. It outlines existing habitat values, proposed habitat improvements and any off-site gains or statutory credits needed. Where mandatory BNG applies, the plan must be approved by the local planning authority before development begins.

Biodiversity Gain Sites Register

The Biodiversity Gain Sites Register is the national register of land in England being used to deliver off-site Biodiversity Net Gain. It records registered gain sites and allocations of biodiversity enhancements to developments, supporting transparency and helping prevent the same biodiversity gains from being allocated more than once. 

Biodiversity Net Gain Exemptions

Biodiversity Net Gain exemptions are circumstances in which a development is not required to meet England's mandatory BNG requirements. Exemptions apply to certain development types and planning applications that meet specified criteria, such as qualifying small-scale or temporary developments. Eligibility depends on the applicable legislation and individual project circumstances. 

Biodiversity Net Loss

Biodiversity Net Loss focuses on quantifying the difference between biodiversity losses and gains to identify an overall negative impact on biodiversity resulting from a particular activity or project, without considering any offsetting actions.

Biodiversity Risk (Physical)

Biodiversity Physical Risks encompass any factors that can lead to financial implications or reduced revenue as a result of immediate or long-term threats arising from the depletion of natural resources on a global scale and the deterioration of ecosystem services.

Biodiversity Risk (Reputational)

Biodiversity Reputational Risk encompasses the potential consequences of compromising brand reputation and market share as a result of real or perceived misconduct related to the natural world or a lack of transparency.

Biological Resources

Biological resources, also referred to as biodiversity or biological diversity, encompass the variety of life on Earth, including all living organisms, their genetic material, and the ecosystems they form. This term encompasses a wide range of living entities, from microorganisms and plants to animals and ecosystems. Biological resources play a crucial role in supporting human life and are essential for various ecological, economic, and cultural purposes.

Biodiversity Units

Biodiversity units are standardised measurements used to quantify the biodiversity value of habitats under England's statutory biodiversity metric. They are calculated using factors such as habitat size, type, condition and strategic significance, helping developers measure habitat losses and gains associated with development projects. 

Biome

A biome is a large geographic biotic unit, a major ecological community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions. Biomes are characterised by distinctive climate, soil, and vegetation types. They cover vast geographic areas and are defined by the prevailing climate and the types of plants and animals that have adapted to live in those specific conditions.

Carbon Sequestration

Carbon sequestration is a natural or artificial process by which carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere and stored, preventing its release into the air. This process is vital in the context of mitigating climate change, as carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. There are various natural and human-induced mechanisms for Carbon Sequestration such as, Forests and Oceans for Natural and Afforestation and Reforestation, and Carbon Capture and Storage for Human-Induced. There is also Soil Carbon Sequestration which comes from Agricultural Practices and Restoration of Degraded Lands.

Climate Change

A long-term shift in global or regional climate, including changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns which result from natural and human causes.

Conservation Biology

Conservation biology is a scientific discipline that focuses on the study and implementation of strategies to protect and sustainably manage Earth's biodiversity and ecosystems. It emerged as a response to the growing recognition of the threats posed to biological diversity by human activities, including habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and the spread of invasive species. Conservation biology integrates principles from ecology, genetics, evolution, physiology, and other biological disciplines to develop effective conservation strategies.

Corporate Biodiversity Footprint (CBF)

The Corporate Biodiversity Footprint represents the overall impact of a company's operations, including its direct and indirect activities, on biodiversity. This assessment considers factors such as land use, resource consumption, pollution, and ecosystem disruption caused by the company's operations and supply chain.

Cultural Services

Cultural services are the non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. These include recreational opportunities, aesthetic enjoyment, spiritual and cultural values, and inspiration for art, literature, and education. Cultural services highlight the importance of nature in shaping human identity, aesthetics, and well-being.

Deforestation

Deforestation is the process of clearing or removing a substantial portion of a forest or stand of trees, typically for the purpose of converting the land to non-forest uses. This land use change involves the complete removal or significant reduction of tree cover, leading to changes in the landscape and ecosystem.

Department of Energy, Food and Rural Affairs

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is a department of His Majesty's UK Government responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities. Defra have published guidance on the Biodiversity metric, currently 4.0, to calculate the biodiversity net gain of a project or development.

Ecological Connectivity

Ecological connectivity describes the extent to which landscapes allow species, genetic material and ecological processes to move between habitats. Maintaining and improving connectivity helps reduce habitat fragmentation, supports biodiversity and enables species to respond to environmental changes. 

Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a complex and interconnected system formed by the interaction of living organisms with their physical environment in a specific geographic area. This includes all the plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, rocks, water, air, and other elements within the defined boundaries of the ecosystem. Ecosystems vary widely in size and can range from small, localised environments, such as a pond or a forest, to large-scale ecosystems like a coral reef or a desert.

Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services refer to the various benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, the complex systems formed by the interactions between living organisms and their environment. These services are essential for human well-being and survival, providing both tangible and intangible advantages. Ecosystem services are often categorised into four main types (Provisioning, Regulating, Supporting, and Cultural services.

Ecology

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment. It is a branch of biology that examines how organisms interact with each other and with the abiotic (non-living) components of their surroundings. Ecologists study various levels of biological organisation, from individuals and populations to communities and ecosystems, to understand the patterns and processes that shape the distribution and abundance of life on Earth.

Ecosystem Restoration

Ecosystem restoration refers to the intentional and coordinated effort to revive, rehabilitate, or recreate ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged, or lost. The goal of ecosystem restoration is to enhance the ecological functionality, biodiversity, and resilience of a degraded or altered ecosystem, leading to improved environmental health and ecosystem services.

Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services refer to the various benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, the complex systems formed by the interactions between living organisms and their environment. These services are essential for human well-being and survival, providing both tangible and intangible advantages. Ecosystem services are often categorised into four main types (Provisioning, Regulating, Supporting, and Cultural services.

Endemic Species

Endemic species are organisms that are native to and exclusively found in a particular geographic area. These species have naturally evolved and adapted to the specific environmental conditions of that region and are not naturally found anywhere else on Earth. Endemism is often associated with isolated habitats, such as islands, mountain ranges, or specific ecosystems with distinct characteristics.

Entomology

Entomology is the scientific study of insects. It is a branch of zoology that focuses on the taxonomy, morphology, physiology, behaviour, ecology, and evolution of insects. Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of organisms on Earth, with over a million described species and potentially millions more yet to be discovered.

Environmental Net Gain

Environmental Net Gain is an approach to development that aims to achieve measurable improvements in the natural environment beyond the impacts caused by a project. It considers multiple environmental factors, such as biodiversity, water quality, air quality and natural capital, rather than focusing exclusively on biodiversity improvements. 

EXIOBASE Model

EXIOBASE is a global, environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (EE MRIO) database and model. It combines economic and environmental data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between economic activities and environmental impacts. EXIOBASE is designed to assess the environmental footprint of production and consumption activities across different regions and sectors of the economy.

Extinction Rates

Extinction rates refer to the speed or pace at which species are disappearing from the Earth over a specific period of time. Extinction is a natural process that has occurred throughout the history of life on Earth, but the current concern is the accelerated rate at which species are going extinct due to human activities. The concept of extinction rates is often expressed as the number of extinctions per unit of time, typically measured in terms of extinctions per million species-years. This metric helps scientists and conservationists understand the magnitude of the current biodiversity crisis.

GLBOBIO Model

The GLOBIO Model, or GLOBIO (Global Biodiversity Model), is a modelling framework used to assess the impact of human activities on global biodiversity. It was developed by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The primary goal of the GLOBIO Model is to provide a tool for policymakers and researchers to evaluate the consequences of land use changes, climate change, and other human-induced pressures on biodiversity at a global scale.

Habitat

A habitat is a specific environment or locality that provides the necessary living conditions and resources for a particular species or community of organisms. It is the place where an organism or a population of organisms lives, feeds, reproduces, and carries out other life activities. Habitats can vary widely in size, ranging from small microhabitats, such as the area under a rock, to large ecosystems, like a tropical rainforest or a freshwater lake.

Habitat Condition Assessment

A Habitat condition assessment evaluates the ecological quality of a habitat based on defined characteristics, such as vegetation structure, species composition and evidence of disturbance. Within Biodiversity Net Gain assessments, habitat condition is one of the factors used to calculate biodiversity units and identify opportunities for habitat enhancement. 

Habitat Distinctiveness

Habitat distinctiveness is a measure of the ecological characteristics and relative importance of a habitat type. Within the statutory biodiversity metric, habitats are assigned distinctiveness values based on their classification, helping determine their contribution to biodiversity value and the requirements for compensating habitat losses. 

Habitat Quality

Habitat quality refers to the suitability and condition of an environment to support the needs and well-being of a particular species or community of organisms. It encompasses various factors that influence the overall fitness, reproduction, and survival of the organisms that inhabit a specific habitat. High habitat quality implies that the environment provides optimal conditions for the species present.

Habitat Restoration

Habitat restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged or destroyed. Restoration activities may involve reintroducing native vegetation, improving ecological conditions or restoring natural processes to support biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. 

Herpetology

Herpetology is the scientific study of amphibians and reptiles. It is a branch of zoology that focuses on the biology, ecology, behaviour, taxonomy, and conservation of amphibians (including frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts) and reptiles (including snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodilians). Herpetologists, the scientists who specialise in herpetology, explore the diversity of these vertebrates and their interactions with the environment.

Input-Output Model

An input-output model is a quantitative representation of the interdependencies between different sectors of an economy. This economic modelling technique captures the flow of goods, services, and payments among various sectors, providing a comprehensive view of the interactions within an economy. The model is based on the principle that the output of one sector becomes the input for another, creating a network of relationships.

Invasive Species

An invasive species refers to a non-native organism that is introduced to a new environment, often by human activities, and has the potential to cause harm to the ecosystem, economy, or human health in the receiving area. Invasive species can outcompete, displace, or disrupt the native species and ecosystems in their new environment, leading to ecological imbalances and biodiversity loss.

ISO 17298

ISO 17298:2025 is an international standard providing requirements and guidance for integrating biodiversity into an organisation's strategy, operations and decision-making. It supports businesses in identifying their impacts and dependencies on nature, managing biodiversity-related risks, setting objectives and monitoring environmental performance. 

IUCN Red List

The IUCN Red List, is a comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It is maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a global organisation that assesses the conservation status of species and provides information to guide conservation actions.

Key Biodiversity Areas

Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are specific sites or areas that are identified for their outstanding importance in terms of biodiversity conservation. These areas are crucial for the maintenance of global biodiversity due to the presence of significant concentrations of species, particularly those that are rare, threatened, or endemic. The concept of Key Biodiversity Areas is part of global conservation strategies and initiatives aimed at prioritising and protecting critical habitats and ecosystems.

Land Use Change

Land use change refers to the alteration of the purpose or management of a piece of land, transitioning from one type of land use to another. This process involves modifications in the way land is utilised, such as changes in its physical or biological characteristics to accommodate different human activities or needs. Land use changes can have significant environmental, social, and economic implications.

LEAP Approach

The LEAP approach is a nature-related assessment framework developed by the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). It consists of four phases: Locate, Evaluate, Assess, and Prepare. The approach helps organisations identify their interactions with nature, evaluate dependencies and impacts, assess risks and opportunities and prepare appropriate responses and disclosures. 

Marine Biology

Marine biology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of living organisms and ecosystems in marine environments, which include oceans, seas, estuaries, and other saltwater habitats. Marine biologists investigate a wide range of marine life, from microscopic organisms to large marine mammals, and they explore the relationships between these organisms and their marine ecosystems.

Mean Species Abundance (MSA)

The Mean Species Abundance (MSA) metric is an indicator of local biodiversity intactness. MSA ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 means that the species assemblage is fully intact, and 0 means that all original species are extirpated (locally extinct). MSA is calculated based on the abundance of individual species under influence of a given pressure, compared to their abundance in an undisturbed situation (natural situation/reference). Only species present in the undisturbed situation are included, and increases in individual species abundance from the reference to the impacted situation are ignored. This is done to avoid the indicator being inflated by opportunistic or generalist species that benefit from habitat disturbance.

Native Species

Native species are organisms that naturally occur and evolve in a specific geographic area or ecosystem without direct or indirect human intervention. These species have adapted to the local environmental conditions, including climate, soil, and other ecological factors, over an extended period. Native species are an integral part of their ecosystems, playing unique roles in ecological processes such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and food webs.

Nature Positive

The term "nature positive" refers to a state or condition in which human activities have a positive impact on the environment, biodiversity, and ecosystems. It signifies a commitment to not only minimise harm to nature but actively contribute to its restoration, conservation, and overall well-being. The concept of being nature positive is aligned with the broader goals of sustainability and responsible environmental stewardship.

Nature Restoration

Nature restoration involves actions to support the recovery of degraded ecosystems, habitats and species populations. It aims to improve ecological health, restore natural processes and strengthen biodiversity, helping ecosystems provide essential services such as water regulation, carbon storage and climate resilience. 

Nature-based Solutions (NbS)

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are actions that protect, sustainably manage or restore natural and modified ecosystems to address societal challenges while benefiting biodiversity and human wellbeing. Examples include wetland restoration or flood management, woodland creation and urban green infrastructure. 

Nature-related Dependencies

Nature-related dependencies are the ecosystem services and natural resources that an organisation relies upon to operate. Examples include access to clean water, pollination, health soils and natural flood protection. Understanding these dependencies helps businesses identify potential operational and financial risks arising from environmental degradation.

Nature-related Impacts

Nature-related impacts are the positive or negative effects that an organisation's activities have on the natural environment. These may include habitat loss, pollution, changes in land use or ecosystem restoration. Assessing these impacts helps businesses understand their contribution to biodiversity loss or recovery. 

Nature-related Opportunities

Nature-related opportunities arise when organisations take action to protect, restore or sustainably manage natural ecosystems. These activities may create business benefits through improved resource efficiency, stronger supply chain resilience, new products or services, and reduced exposure to nature-related risk. 

Nature-related Risks

Nature-related risks are potential threats to an organisation arising from its dependencies on, and impacts on, nature. These can include physical risks associated with ecosystem degradation, transition risks resulting from regulatory or market changes, and wider systemic risks linked to environmental instability. 

Natural Capital

Natural Capital refers to the world's stocks of natural resources and ecosystems, including soil, water, air, minerals, plants and animals. These assets provide goods and ecosystem services that support human wellbeing, economic activity and environmental stability. 

Natural Capital Accounting

Natural capital accounting is the process of measuring and reporting the extent, condition and value of natural resources and ecosystems. It helps organisations understand their dependencies and impacts on nature, supporting more informed decisions about resource management, environmental risks and long-term sustainability. 

Off-Site Biodiversity Net Gain

Off-site Biodiversity Net Gain involves creating or enhancing habitats outside a development site's boundary to contribute towards its biodiversity requirements. Developers can deliver off-site gains on suitable land of purchase biodiversity units from registered sites, subject to the relevant legal, registration and allocation requirements. 

On-Site Biodiversity Net Gain

On-site Biodiversity Net Gain involves creating, restoring or enhancing habitats within a development site's boundary to increase its biodiversity value. Measures may include establishing species-rich grassland, planting native hedgerows or improving existing habitats to support local biodiversity. 

Ornithology

Ornithology is the scientific study of birds. It is a branch of zoology that focuses on the biology, ecology, behaviour, taxonomy, physiology, and conservation of birds. Ornithologists, the scientists who specialise in ornithology, investigate various aspects of avian life, from the smallest hummingbirds to the largest birds of prey.

Product Biodiversity Footprint (PBF)

The Product Biodiversity Footprint evaluates the impact of a specific product on biodiversity throughout its life cycle. This assessment considers the raw materials used, manufacturing processes, transportation, and disposal of the product. It aims to measure and reduce the negative impacts on biodiversity associated with the creation and use of the product.

Protected Areas

Protected areas, also known as conservation areas or nature reserves, are designated geographic spaces set aside and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives. These areas are established to safeguard natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and cultural heritage from various threats, including habitat destruction, pollution, and overexploitation. Protected areas play a crucial role in preserving biological diversity, maintaining ecological processes, and providing essential ecosystem services.

Provisioning Services

These are the direct products that ecosystems provide, such as food, water, timber, fiber, and medicinal plants. Provisioning services are the tangible goods that humans extract or harvest from natural environments to meet their basic needs.

Regulating Services

Ecosystems play a crucial role in regulating natural processes that support life. Examples of regulating services include climate regulation (carbon sequestration and climate stability), water purification, disease control, and natural hazard regulation (e.g., flood prevention and soil erosion control).

Science-Based Targets for Nature

Science-based targets for nature refer to specific, quantifiable goals set by businesses, governments, or organizations to address and reverse the loss of biodiversity and promote the sustainable use of natural resources. These targets are informed by scientific evidence and aim to align human activities with ecological limits and planetary boundaries. The concept of science-based targets for nature is similar to the approach taken with science-based targets for climate action.

Sedimentation

Sedimentation refers to the process by which particles (sediment) settle and accumulate at the bottom of a liquid, often in response to gravitational forces. This phenomenon is commonly observed in bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, where suspended particles or solid materials carried by the water gradually settle to the bottom over time.

Species

In biological terms, a species is a fundamental unit of classification that represents a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring under natural conditions. This concept is known as the biological species concept, proposed by biologist Ernst Mayr. According to this concept, members of the same species share a gene pool and are reproductively isolated from other groups.

Species Richness

Species richness refers to the number of different species present in a particular ecological community, area, or habitat. It is a measure of biodiversity that quantifies the variety and diversity of species within a defined space or ecosystem. Species richness is one of several components used to assess the overall biodiversity of a given area.

Supporting Services

Supporting services are those that maintain the conditions necessary for life on Earth. These include processes like nutrient cycling, soil formation, and photosynthesis. While not directly providing goods for humans, supporting services are fundamental to the functioning of ecosystems and, consequently, to the other types of ecosystem services.

Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI-Great Britain) OR Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI-Isle of Main and Northern Ireland)

A site of special scientific interest in Great Britain, or an area of special scientific interest in the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland, is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom and Isle of Man. SSSI/ASSIs are the basic building block of site-based nature conservation legislation.

Small Sites Metric (SSM)

The Small Sites Metric (SSM) is a simplified version of England's statutory biodiversity metric, designed for eligible smaller development. It uses a more straightforward assessment process to calculate biodiversity units, although its use it restricted to developments meeting specific criteria. 

Statutory Biodiversity Credits

Statutory Biodiversity Credits are credits sold by the UK government as a last-resort option for developments that cannot achieve their required Biodiversity Net Gain through on-site or off-sire habitat improvements. Revenue from credit purchases is used to support habitat creation and enhancement in England. 

Statutory Biodiversity Metric

The Statutory Biodiversity Metric is the official assessment tool used to calculate biodiversity value for mandatory Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) in England. It evaluates habitats using factors such as area, condition, distinctiveness and strategic significance, helping developers determine the biodiversity units required to meet BNG obligations. 

Supply Chain Biodiversity Footprint

The Supply Chain Biodiversity Footprint assesses the impact of a company's entire supply chain on biodiversity. It involves evaluating the biodiversity implications of sourcing raw materials, production processes, transportation, and other activities within the supply chain. This holistic approach helps companies identify and address potential biodiversity-related risks and opportunities across their supply chain. 

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)

The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) is a global initiative that provides recommendations and guidance for organisations to identify, assess, manage and disclose their nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks and opportunities. Its framework supports more informed decision-making and greater transparency around how businesses interact with nature. 

Threatened, Extinct, Vulnerable Species

The terms "threatened," "extinct," and "vulnerable" are categories used by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to describe the conservation status of species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. These categories are based on specific criteria that assess the risk of extinction faced by a species.

WWF Risk Filter

There are 2 WWF risk filters, the WWF Water Risk Filter and the WWF Biodiversity Risk Filter.

The WWF Biodiversity Risk Filter is a free online tool that enables companies and financial institutions to Inform, Explore, Assess, and Respond to biodiversity risks.

The WWF Water Risk Filter is a leading, free online tool that enables companies and investors to Explore, Assess, and Respond to water risks.